Low-Temperature Insulating Oil for Transformers
According to their composition, electrical insulating oils are classified into mineral insulating oil and synthetic insulating oil. Mineral insulating oil is derived from refined petroleum products. Conversely, synthetic oils for cables mainly consist of dodecylbenzene (used in selfcapacitating oilfilled cables), polybutene (for steel pipe oilfilled cables), and a small amount of silicone oil for flameretardant cables. At this time, mineral insulating oil remains the dominant form, so the term "electrical insulating oil" typically refers to mineral insulating oil.
Product Details：Low-Temperature Insulating Oil for Transformers
In electrical equipment, transformer oil serves to isolate charged components, thereby preventing short circuits. The dielectric constant of air is 1.0, compared to 2.25 for transformer oil, which demonstrates that transformer oil has a much higher insulating strength than air. For example, a coil of transformer oil exposed to air would rapidly experience puncturing during operation. Conversely, when transformer coils are filled with transformer oil, their insulating strength is increased, preventing such punctures. Moreover, as the quality of the oil improves, the overall safety factor of the equipment is enhanced.
Parameter：
Sports Event | Quality Indicators | measured value | Test Methods |
Functional characteristics | |||
Pour Point/°C | -50 | -57.5 | ISO 3016 |
Kinematic viscosity (40℃)/(m㎡/s) | ≯12 | 9.52
| ISO 3104 |
Kinematic viscosity (-10°C)/(mm²/s) | ≯1800 | 1028 | ISO 3104 |
Water content/(mg/kg) | ≯30/40 | 9.0 | IEC 60814 |
Breakdown voltage/kV (untreated oil) | ≮30 | 64.5 | IEC 60156 |
Density (20°C)/(g/ml) | ≯895 | 886 | ISO 12185 |
Dielectric loss factor (90°C) | ≯0.005 | 0.0005 | IEC 60247 |
Refining/stabilizing properties | |||
exterior condition | Clear and transparent, free of sediment and suspension (of atmospheric pollution) | Clear and transparent, free of sediment and suspension (of atmospheric pollution) | visual assessment |
Acid value (mgKOH/g) | ≯0.01 | 0.0008 | IEC 62021- 1 |
Interfacial tension/(mN/m) | No general requirements | 45.3 | ISO 6295 |
Total sulfur content (mass fraction)/% | No general requirements | No general requirements | ISO 14596 |
corrosive sulfur | non-corrosive | non-corrosive | DIN 51353 |
Content of antioxidant additives (mass fraction)/percent Oil with antioxidant additives (U) | ≯0.08 | 0.065 | IEC 60666 |
2-Furfural content/(mg/kg) | ≯0.1 | 0.012 | IEC 61198 |
Operational characteristics | |||
Oxidation stability (120°C) Test time: 332h | - | - | - |
--Total acid value (in KOH)/(mg/g) | ≯1.2 | 0.04 | IEC 61125 Act C |
--Oil sludge (mass fraction)/% | ≯0.8 | 0.020 | IEC 61125 Act C |
--Dielectric loss factor (90°C) | ≯0.500 | 0.004 | IEC 60247 |
Gassing/(mm/min) | No general requirements | No general requirements | IEC 60628 |
Health Safety and Environmental Characteristics (HSE) | |||
Flash point (closed)/°C | ≮135 | 148.2 | ISO 2719 |
PCA content (mass fraction)/% | ≯3 | 0.8 | BS 2000 Part 346 |
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content/(mass fraction)(mg/kg) | undetectable | undetectable | IEC 61619 |
1. Electrical Performance Testing
The Dielectric Loss Coefficient reveals the magnitude of energy loss incurred by transformer oil in an electric field, providing a window into the oil's electrical characteristics and any signs of contamination or degradation.
The Withstand Voltage test assesses the transformer oil's endurance against electrical stress limits. A low withstand voltage may indicate a heightened risk of electrical breakdown, threatening equipment stability.
The Resistivity parameter quantifies the transformer oil's resistance to electrical flow, with optimal resistivity levels crucial for maintaining power equipment's operational integrity.
2. Market Challenges
The transformer oil market is significantly influenced by the fluctuations in crude oil prices. The International Energy Agency reports that the average crude oil price was USD73.6 per barrel in October 2018, but it soared above USD100 per barrel during the first half of 2022. These unpredictable oil price movements can disrupt the stability of the oil and gas industry, creating investment risks within the global transformer oil market, which relies heavily on mineral oils like naphthenic and paraffinic for transformer applications. As a result, the transformer oil market may encounter obstacles due to the volatility of crude oil prices during the upcoming forecast period.
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